tefyka's posterous http://tefyka.posterous.com Most recent posts at tefyka's posterous posterous.com Fri, 28 Dec 2012 06:12:00 -0800 New Toshiba camera sensor lets you refocus after the shot, plans 2013 launch in smartphones and tablets http://tefyka.posterous.com/new-toshiba-camera-sensor-lets-you-refocus-af http://tefyka.posterous.com/new-toshiba-camera-sensor-lets-you-refocus-af

New Toshiba camera sensor lets you refocus after you take the shot, plans to launch in smartphones and tablets next year

Hoping for some after-the-fact focusing in your next smartphone camera? Well, you'll have to wait around a year, but Toshiba's planning exactly that with a new module that houses an array of 500,000 tiny lenses. Within a 1cm-thick unit, these lenses are layered in front of the camera sensor, which can capture slightly different images from each lens arrangement. Those picture can then be combined in a "complete" picture using Toshiba's own software. Apparently, the camera will also be able to measure the distance between objects in the shot -- similar to how 3D images are captured -- with the user then able to shift focus between close and distant detail, or even create images that are in-focus throughout. Toshiba says the module will also be able to capture video with a similar degree of focus management -- something that Lytro hasn't got around to just yet. The sensor is still a work in progress, but the manufacturer plans to commercialize the module before the end of 2013. Toshiba is looking to ally itself with multiple smartphone (and tablet) makers -- and here's hoping that it finds its way into a device outside of Japan.

[Thanks Franck]

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Source: Asahi Shinbun (Japanese), (English)

Source: http://feeds.engadget.com/~r/weblogsinc/engadget/~3/TeS58SHAm68/

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Fri, 28 Dec 2012 04:29:08 -0800 Newt Gingrich's Phone Rings During Interview, Embarrassing Ringtone Revealed (VIDEO) http://tefyka.posterous.com/newt-gingrichs-phone-rings-during-interview-e http://tefyka.posterous.com/newt-gingrichs-phone-rings-during-interview-e

Newt Gingrich came on HuffPost Live to talk guns, FOX News and fiscal cliff business with HuffPost reporter Sam Stein and HuffPost Live Host Marc Lamont Hill, but something else came up: his ringtone.

In the midst of detailing his plan to begin a six-month study called, "Gingrich Productions" where Gingrich is setting out to find out exactly why he, Karl Rove, Dick Morris and several key members of the Romney campaign were so wrong with the numbers on election night, Gingrich's phone began to ring.

As Newt gave the phone away to someone off camera, host Marc Lamont Hill zeroed in on the ringtone, forcing Gingrich to reveal a possibly embarrassing choice of his.

Watch the full segment at HuffPost Live.

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Source: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/12/26/newt-gingrichs-phone-ring_n_2367510.html

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Mon, 17 Dec 2012 14:40:58 -0800 Scientist at Work Blog: For the Social Wrasse, News, Good and Bad http://tefyka.posterous.com/scientist-at-work-blog-for-the-social-wrasse http://tefyka.posterous.com/scientist-at-work-blog-for-the-social-wrasse

Luiz Rocha, the curator of ichthyology at the California Academy of Sciences, writes from Belize, where he conducts research on one of the world?s most endangered fish, social wrasse.

December 15, 2012

After hours on airplanes and in airports ? with a last leg by boat ? I finally arrived at Carrie Bow Key. It was late afternoon and there was no time to dive. But what I found on the Pelican Keys early the next morning was not encouraging. Invasive lionfish lurked around the islands. And after catching a few of them, I went for a walk in the mangroves and found trash strewn along the shore.

I had come to Belize to assess the potential threats to a small, but important, member of the reef ecosystem. And by Day 2, I had found two major threats to the social wrasse.

Now for the good news: The lionfish population is not large. And I saw many social wrasses, although they were only juveniles and females. Their schools were, as expected, high in the water column feeding on plankton, dutifully capturing nutrients from the water and transferring them to the reef.

The few lionfish that our team observed seemed to prefer a high-relief habitat with big rocks and overhangs. Those types of habitats are hard to find here.

We captured two lionfish and both of their stomachs were empty, but they were well-nourished. We may have just been unlucky, catching them between meals. Of course, we will keep capturing more lionfish during the next few days.

Many islands in the Caribbean are doing a good job in keeping the lionfish population in check. They are quite tasty once you get past the poisonous spines and good marketing has made them popular in restaurants. There are now lionfish tournaments and in some places even tourists are encouraged to spear them. But none of this will be enough to eradicate the species. Lionfish have very broad habitat requirements and some have been spotted from submersibles as deep as 1,000 feet. Even if divers control them at shallow depths there will always be more deeper down.

Recognizing that humans can?t possibly catch all of these new invaders, some dive shops are resorting to a slightly more controversial tact. In Mexico, Barbados and a few other places in the Caribbean, people are ?training? groupers, sharks, morays and other large reef fish to eat lionfish.

While at first this practice seems to be the logical thing to do, there is no evidence that these larger fish are actively trying to catch live lionfish. Rather, they are learning that divers in the water mean ?free handouts,? and becoming very aggressive when divers don?t give them their lionfish snack.

Whether it?s effective to try to sic fish on fish is unclear, but the strategy remains a heavily debated topic in the scientific literature. And regardless of our efforts to control this spiny exotic, it?s clear that the lionfish is here to stay. And it?s up to us to figure out what they are doing to their new home because maybe then we can devise better ways to mitigate their impact on the reef and the social wrasse.

Source: http://scientistatwork.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/12/17/for-the-social-wrasse-news-good-and-bad/?partner=rss&emc=rss

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Mon, 17 Dec 2012 12:52:51 -0800 AGU: Journal highlights 17 Dec., 2012 http://tefyka.posterous.com/agu-journal-highlights-17-dec-2012 http://tefyka.posterous.com/agu-journal-highlights-17-dec-2012 [ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 17-Dec-2012
[ | E-mail | Share Share ]

Contact: Kate Ramsayer
kramsayer@agu.org
202-777-7524
American Geophysical Union

Highlights, including authors and their institutions

The following highlights summarize research papers that have been recently published in Geophysical Research Letters (GRL).

In this release:

1. First satellite detection of volcanogenic carbon monoxide
2. Antarctic sea ice thickness affects algae populations
3. Central European Summer Temperature Variability to Increase
4. Global ocean salinity changing due to anthropogenic climate change
5. Chamber measurements find plants potentially important methane sink
6. Low-frequency radio emissions from high-altitude sprite discharge

Anyone may read the scientific abstract for any already-published paper by clicking on the link provided at the end of each Highlight. You can also read the abstract by going to http://www.agu.org/pubs/search_options.shtml and inserting into the search engine the full doi (digital object identifier), e.g. 10.1029/2012GL053275. The doi is found at the end of each Highlight below.

Journalists and public information officers (PIOs) at educational or scientific institutions who are registered with AGU also may download papers cited in this release by clicking on the links below. Instructions for members of the news media, PIOs, and the public for downloading or ordering the full text of any research paper summarized below are available at http://www.agu.org/news/press/papers.shtml.


1. First satellite detection of volcanogenic carbon monoxide

Measuring and tracking the gases that vent from an erupting volcano is a project wrought with potential dangers and difficulties. On the ground measurements place researchers in harm's way, as do airborne sampling surveys. These approaches may also suffer from issues around accurately representing the spatial and temporal shifts in gas emissions rates. As such, satellite-based remote sensing techniques are becoming a favorite way to assess the dispersion and concentrations of various volcanic gases. Devising a functional remote sensing scheme, however, depends on identifying a satellite sensor that can reliably identify the chemical species in question and pick the volcanic emissions out from the background concentrations. Such efforts have so far been successful for only a few volcanic gases: sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and hydrogen sulfide.

Working from satellite observational records from the 2010 Eyjafjallajkull and 2011 Grmsvtn eruptions, Martnez-Alonso et al. find that the Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere sensor aboard NASA's Terra satellite and the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer on the European Space Agency's Meteorological Operational satellite MetOp-A could be used to remotely detect volcanic carbon monoxide emissions. The two sensors measured atmospheric carbon monoxide in different ways and hence could be used to support the other's observations. The authors find that the remotely sensed volcanogenic carbon monoxide is not a misdiagnosis of atmospheric water vapor or aerosols. Further, their concentration measurements aligned with airborne surveys.

Based on their detections, the authors estimate that the global emission of volcanic carbon monoxide is approximately 5.5 teragrams per year, a small but not insignificant fraction of total annual emissions.

Source: Geophysical Research Letters, doi:10.1029/2012GL053275, 2012
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012GL053275

Title: First satellite identification of volcanic carbon monoxide

Authors: Sara Martnez-Alonso, Merritt N. Deeter, Helen M. Worden, Debbie Mao, and John C. Gille: Atmospheric Chemistry Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA;

Cathy Clerbaux: LATMOS, IPSL, CNRS/INSU, UPMC Universit Paris 06, Universit Versailles St.-Quentin, Paris, France.


2. Antarctic sea ice thickness affects algae populations

In the waters off Antarctica, algae grow and live in the sea ice that surrounds the southern continent-a floating habitat sure to change as the planet warms. As with most aquatic ecosystems, microscopic algae form the base of the Southern Ocean food web. Distinct algae populations reside in the sea ice surface layers, on the ice's underside, and within the floating ice itself. The algae that reside on the floating ice's underside are particularly important for the region's krill population, while those on the interior or surface layers are less accessible. How changing sea ice properties will affect the regional biology, then, depends on understanding how algae populations interact with the ice.

Drawing together samples collected by previous researchers, and through their own efforts, Meiners et al. developed the Antarctic Sea Ice Processes and Climate-Biology database, a collection of 1,300 Antarctic sea ice core samples collected from 1983 to 2008. By melting core samples and measuring the concentration of chlorophyll a, researchers can estimate the amount of algae living in the ice, with vertical profiles indicating where ice algal biomass peaks.

Using their database, the authors find that algae populations vary seasonally, peaking in the spring and late summer. They find that though algal biomass is distributed evenly among surface, interior, and underside populations, there is a distinct relationship between sea ice thickness and the likelihood of biomass maxima in different layers. They find that on thin ice, less than 0.4 meters (1.3 feet) thick, algae live on both the surface and the underside. For ice from 0.4 to 1 m (1.3 to 3.3 feet) thick, however, the majority of the algae were on the ice's underside. Thick ice, often formed by rafting of ice floes, showed a more homogeneous distribution of ice algal biomass.

Source: Geophysical Research Letters, doi: 10.1029/2012GL053478, 2012
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012GL053478

Title: Chlorophyll a in Antarctic sea ice from historical ice core data

Authors: K. M. Meiners and B. Raymond: Australian Antarctic Division, Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities, Kingston, Tasmania, Australia, and Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia;

M. Vancoppenolle: Laboratoire d'Ocanographie et du Climat (CNRS/UPMC/IRD/MNHN), IPSL, Paris, France;

S. Thanassekos: Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia;

G. S. Dieckmann: Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Science, Bremerhaven, Germany;

D. N. Thomas: School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Anglesey, UK, and Finnish Environment Institute, Helsinki, Finland and Arctic Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark;

J.-L. Tison: Laboratoire de Glaciologie, Universit Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium;

K. R. Arrigo: Department of Environmental Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA;

D. L. Garrison: Biological Oceanography Program, Division of Ocean Sciences, National Science Foundation, Arlington, Virginia, USA;

A. McMinn and K. M. Swadling: Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia;

D. Lannuzel and P. van derMerwe: Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia and Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia;

W. O. Smith Jr.: Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary, Gloucester Point, Virginia, USA;

I. Melnikov: P. P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.


3. Central European summer temperature variability to increase

More extreme heat waves have been observed in central Europe in recent years as summer temperature variability has increased on both daily and interannual timescales. Models project that as the climate warms throughout the 21st century, this increased variability will continue.

To evaluate the robustness of those previous findings, which are based on regional climate models from the Prediction of Regional Scenarios and Uncertainties for Defining European Climate Change Risks and Effects (PRUDENCE) project or a small sample of models from the ENSEMBLES project, Fischer et al. revisit model projections using the full set of ENSEMBLES regional climate models. These models cover a larger uncertainty range than previous studies. They note that PRUDENCE regional climate models are all driven by the same global climate model, while ENSEMBLES regional climate models are driven by six different global climate models.

They find that PRUDENCE models all projected a substantial increase in interannual summer temperature variability in central Europe by the end of the 21st century, while different ENSEMBLES models projected different amounts of interannual summer temperature variability, with the mean of ENSEMBLES models projecting no clear increase. However, those ENSEMBLES models that most realistically represented present-day interannual summer temperature variability did project an increase in temperature variability over central Europe by the end of the 21st century. Under the assumption that a model with a better representation of the present-day conditions provides a more credible estimate of future changes, the reduced set of well-performing models yields a robust projection.

The study also indicates that the largest increases in interannual summer temperature variability would occur mainly in the central European region that is a transition zone between dry climates in the south and moist climates in the north. They also find that all ENSEMBLES regional climate models project an increase in daily summer temperature variability over central Europe. They emphasize that hot extremes are expected to warm more strongly than the summer mean temperature.

Source: Geophysical Research Letters, doi:10.1029/2012GL052730, 2012
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012GL052730

Title: Changes in European summer temperature variability revisited

Authors: E. M. Fischer, J. Rajczak, and C. Schr: Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.


4. Global ocean salinity changing due to anthropogenic climate change

Rising sea surface temperatures, climbing sea levels, and ocean acidification are the most commonly discussed consequences of anthropogenic climate change for the global oceans. They are not, however, the only potentially important shifts observed over recent decades. Drawing on observations from 1955 to 2004, Pierce et al. find that the oceans' salinity changed throughout the study period, that the changes were independent of known natural variability, and that the shifts were consistent with the expected effects of anthropogenic climate change.

The authors analyzed 50 years of salinity and temperature observations drawn from the National Oceanographic Data Center's records. The observations spanned the top 700 meters (2,300 feet) of the water column from 60 degrees North to 60 degrees South. Using 20 global general circulation models, they assessed whether the observed changes in ocean salinity and temperature could be explained by known natural cycles: the El Nio-Southern Oscillation, the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, the effects of volcanic eruptions, and changes in solar activity. They find that the observed trends, which varied regionally, did not relate to any of these forcings. However, the observed trends are consistent with model estimates of the effects of human-caused climate change.

The slowly shifting global salinity field is known to be affected by changes in the hydrological cycle, including changes in evaporation and precipitation rates, ocean currents, river discharge, and other forces. As such, the authors suggest that the observed human-driven trends in the global salinity field demonstrate an ongoing, long-term shift in the global hydrological cycle that is likely to continue into the future.

Source: Geophysical Research Letters, doi:10.1029/2012GL053389, 2012
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012GL053389

Title: The fingerprint of human-induced changes in the ocean's salinity and temperature fields

Authors: David W. Pierce and Tim P. Barnett: Division of Climate, Atmospheric Sciences, and Physical Oceanography, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California, USA;

Peter J. Gleckler, Benjamin D. Santer and Paul J. Durack: Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, USA.


5. Chamber measurements find plants potentially important methane sink

As a greenhouse gas, methane has a much higher heat-trapping potential than carbon dioxide when considered over the course of a few decades. In recent years, researchers discovered a potentially important new source of atmospheric methane-emissions from green plants. Though estimates of the extent of vegetative methane emissions vary greatly, previous research suggests they could amount to as much as a tenth of global annual emissions. The mechanism behind such emissions is a matter of considerable debate, with questions remaining regarding the effects of atmospheric or soil conditions, local hydrological influences, and variability for different plant species. Also under investigation are various potential plant methane uptake mechanisms, or the effects of methane- consuming bacteria-aspects of the methane cycle that could dampen plants' role as a methane source.

To determine the overall effect of some boreal tree species on atmospheric methane, Sundqvist et al. used branch chamber measurements to directly assess the net gas exchange for birch, spruce, pine, and rowan trees in a Swedish forest. The authors find that all four tree species were net absorbers of atmospheric methane, meaning they served as a sink rather than a source. The authors analyzed how the methane exchange varied with changes in the availability of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), temperature, photosynthesis rate, and ultraviolet radiation levels. For birch, spruce and rowan trees, but not pine, they find that an increase in PAR caused the trees to take up more methane. They find that temperature changes had inconsistent effects on methane exchange. The authors suggest that plants could actually be an important global sink, rather than source, for atmospheric methane.

Source: Geophysical Research Letters, doi: 10.1029/2012GL053592, 2012
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012GL053592

Title: Atmospheric methane removal by boreal plants

Authors: Elin Sundqvist, Meelis Mlder, Patrik Vestin and Anders Lindroth: Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden;

Patrick Crill: Department of Geological Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.


6. Low-frequency radio emissions from high-altitude sprite discharge

When lightning strikes from a towering cumulonimbus cloud down to the ground, the electrical discharge can perturb the atmosphere's electric field, potentially triggering a second event-sprite discharge. This more elusive type of electrical discharge, which produces lightning that is red in color, initiates from high altitudes, with streamers propagating down toward the top of the cumulonimbus cloud. Coincident with the dramatic displays, researchers have previously identified low-frequency radio emissions, which they suggest may be produced in association with the sprite discharge. Investigating this hypothesis, Qin et al. used a two-dimensional plasma model to calculate the radio emissions that should be produced by a single sprite streamer.

The authors find the frequency of the radio emissions that should be produced by a sprite streamer depends on two main factors: the air density (which decreases with altitude) and the background electric field through which the streamer is propagating. The authors find that sprite streamers that initiate from 75 kilometers (47 miles) altitude emit radio waves with frequencies from 0 to 3 kilohertz (up to the "very low frequency" range). If the sprite streamers spawned at 40 kilometers (25 miles) altitude, they would emit low-frequency radiowaves, with frequencies up to 300 kilohertz. Further, the authors suggest that the sprite streamers branching mechanism could act as a band-pass filter, with the radio wave frequencies being lower at high altitudes than at low altitudes.

Source: Geophysical Research Letters, doi:10.1029/2012GL053991, 2012
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012GL053991

Title: Low frequency electromagnetic radiation from sprite streamers

Authors: Jianqi Qin, Sebastien Celestin, and Victor P. Pasko: Communications and Space Sciences Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.


Contact:

Kate Ramsayer
Phone (direct): +1 202 777 7524
E-mail: kramsayer@agu.org

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[ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 17-Dec-2012
[ | E-mail | Share Share ]

Contact: Kate Ramsayer
kramsayer@agu.org
202-777-7524
American Geophysical Union

Highlights, including authors and their institutions

The following highlights summarize research papers that have been recently published in Geophysical Research Letters (GRL).

In this release:

1. First satellite detection of volcanogenic carbon monoxide
2. Antarctic sea ice thickness affects algae populations
3. Central European Summer Temperature Variability to Increase
4. Global ocean salinity changing due to anthropogenic climate change
5. Chamber measurements find plants potentially important methane sink
6. Low-frequency radio emissions from high-altitude sprite discharge

Anyone may read the scientific abstract for any already-published paper by clicking on the link provided at the end of each Highlight. You can also read the abstract by going to http://www.agu.org/pubs/search_options.shtml and inserting into the search engine the full doi (digital object identifier), e.g. 10.1029/2012GL053275. The doi is found at the end of each Highlight below.

Journalists and public information officers (PIOs) at educational or scientific institutions who are registered with AGU also may download papers cited in this release by clicking on the links below. Instructions for members of the news media, PIOs, and the public for downloading or ordering the full text of any research paper summarized below are available at http://www.agu.org/news/press/papers.shtml.


1. First satellite detection of volcanogenic carbon monoxide

Measuring and tracking the gases that vent from an erupting volcano is a project wrought with potential dangers and difficulties. On the ground measurements place researchers in harm's way, as do airborne sampling surveys. These approaches may also suffer from issues around accurately representing the spatial and temporal shifts in gas emissions rates. As such, satellite-based remote sensing techniques are becoming a favorite way to assess the dispersion and concentrations of various volcanic gases. Devising a functional remote sensing scheme, however, depends on identifying a satellite sensor that can reliably identify the chemical species in question and pick the volcanic emissions out from the background concentrations. Such efforts have so far been successful for only a few volcanic gases: sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and hydrogen sulfide.

Working from satellite observational records from the 2010 Eyjafjallajkull and 2011 Grmsvtn eruptions, Martnez-Alonso et al. find that the Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere sensor aboard NASA's Terra satellite and the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer on the European Space Agency's Meteorological Operational satellite MetOp-A could be used to remotely detect volcanic carbon monoxide emissions. The two sensors measured atmospheric carbon monoxide in different ways and hence could be used to support the other's observations. The authors find that the remotely sensed volcanogenic carbon monoxide is not a misdiagnosis of atmospheric water vapor or aerosols. Further, their concentration measurements aligned with airborne surveys.

Based on their detections, the authors estimate that the global emission of volcanic carbon monoxide is approximately 5.5 teragrams per year, a small but not insignificant fraction of total annual emissions.

Source: Geophysical Research Letters, doi:10.1029/2012GL053275, 2012
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012GL053275

Title: First satellite identification of volcanic carbon monoxide

Authors: Sara Martnez-Alonso, Merritt N. Deeter, Helen M. Worden, Debbie Mao, and John C. Gille: Atmospheric Chemistry Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA;

Cathy Clerbaux: LATMOS, IPSL, CNRS/INSU, UPMC Universit Paris 06, Universit Versailles St.-Quentin, Paris, France.


2. Antarctic sea ice thickness affects algae populations

In the waters off Antarctica, algae grow and live in the sea ice that surrounds the southern continent-a floating habitat sure to change as the planet warms. As with most aquatic ecosystems, microscopic algae form the base of the Southern Ocean food web. Distinct algae populations reside in the sea ice surface layers, on the ice's underside, and within the floating ice itself. The algae that reside on the floating ice's underside are particularly important for the region's krill population, while those on the interior or surface layers are less accessible. How changing sea ice properties will affect the regional biology, then, depends on understanding how algae populations interact with the ice.

Drawing together samples collected by previous researchers, and through their own efforts, Meiners et al. developed the Antarctic Sea Ice Processes and Climate-Biology database, a collection of 1,300 Antarctic sea ice core samples collected from 1983 to 2008. By melting core samples and measuring the concentration of chlorophyll a, researchers can estimate the amount of algae living in the ice, with vertical profiles indicating where ice algal biomass peaks.

Using their database, the authors find that algae populations vary seasonally, peaking in the spring and late summer. They find that though algal biomass is distributed evenly among surface, interior, and underside populations, there is a distinct relationship between sea ice thickness and the likelihood of biomass maxima in different layers. They find that on thin ice, less than 0.4 meters (1.3 feet) thick, algae live on both the surface and the underside. For ice from 0.4 to 1 m (1.3 to 3.3 feet) thick, however, the majority of the algae were on the ice's underside. Thick ice, often formed by rafting of ice floes, showed a more homogeneous distribution of ice algal biomass.

Source: Geophysical Research Letters, doi: 10.1029/2012GL053478, 2012
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012GL053478

Title: Chlorophyll a in Antarctic sea ice from historical ice core data

Authors: K. M. Meiners and B. Raymond: Australian Antarctic Division, Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities, Kingston, Tasmania, Australia, and Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia;

M. Vancoppenolle: Laboratoire d'Ocanographie et du Climat (CNRS/UPMC/IRD/MNHN), IPSL, Paris, France;

S. Thanassekos: Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia;

G. S. Dieckmann: Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Science, Bremerhaven, Germany;

D. N. Thomas: School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Anglesey, UK, and Finnish Environment Institute, Helsinki, Finland and Arctic Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark;

J.-L. Tison: Laboratoire de Glaciologie, Universit Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium;

K. R. Arrigo: Department of Environmental Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA;

D. L. Garrison: Biological Oceanography Program, Division of Ocean Sciences, National Science Foundation, Arlington, Virginia, USA;

A. McMinn and K. M. Swadling: Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia;

D. Lannuzel and P. van derMerwe: Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia and Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia;

W. O. Smith Jr.: Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary, Gloucester Point, Virginia, USA;

I. Melnikov: P. P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.


3. Central European summer temperature variability to increase

More extreme heat waves have been observed in central Europe in recent years as summer temperature variability has increased on both daily and interannual timescales. Models project that as the climate warms throughout the 21st century, this increased variability will continue.

To evaluate the robustness of those previous findings, which are based on regional climate models from the Prediction of Regional Scenarios and Uncertainties for Defining European Climate Change Risks and Effects (PRUDENCE) project or a small sample of models from the ENSEMBLES project, Fischer et al. revisit model projections using the full set of ENSEMBLES regional climate models. These models cover a larger uncertainty range than previous studies. They note that PRUDENCE regional climate models are all driven by the same global climate model, while ENSEMBLES regional climate models are driven by six different global climate models.

They find that PRUDENCE models all projected a substantial increase in interannual summer temperature variability in central Europe by the end of the 21st century, while different ENSEMBLES models projected different amounts of interannual summer temperature variability, with the mean of ENSEMBLES models projecting no clear increase. However, those ENSEMBLES models that most realistically represented present-day interannual summer temperature variability did project an increase in temperature variability over central Europe by the end of the 21st century. Under the assumption that a model with a better representation of the present-day conditions provides a more credible estimate of future changes, the reduced set of well-performing models yields a robust projection.

The study also indicates that the largest increases in interannual summer temperature variability would occur mainly in the central European region that is a transition zone between dry climates in the south and moist climates in the north. They also find that all ENSEMBLES regional climate models project an increase in daily summer temperature variability over central Europe. They emphasize that hot extremes are expected to warm more strongly than the summer mean temperature.

Source: Geophysical Research Letters, doi:10.1029/2012GL052730, 2012
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012GL052730

Title: Changes in European summer temperature variability revisited

Authors: E. M. Fischer, J. Rajczak, and C. Schr: Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.


4. Global ocean salinity changing due to anthropogenic climate change

Rising sea surface temperatures, climbing sea levels, and ocean acidification are the most commonly discussed consequences of anthropogenic climate change for the global oceans. They are not, however, the only potentially important shifts observed over recent decades. Drawing on observations from 1955 to 2004, Pierce et al. find that the oceans' salinity changed throughout the study period, that the changes were independent of known natural variability, and that the shifts were consistent with the expected effects of anthropogenic climate change.

The authors analyzed 50 years of salinity and temperature observations drawn from the National Oceanographic Data Center's records. The observations spanned the top 700 meters (2,300 feet) of the water column from 60 degrees North to 60 degrees South. Using 20 global general circulation models, they assessed whether the observed changes in ocean salinity and temperature could be explained by known natural cycles: the El Nio-Southern Oscillation, the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, the effects of volcanic eruptions, and changes in solar activity. They find that the observed trends, which varied regionally, did not relate to any of these forcings. However, the observed trends are consistent with model estimates of the effects of human-caused climate change.

The slowly shifting global salinity field is known to be affected by changes in the hydrological cycle, including changes in evaporation and precipitation rates, ocean currents, river discharge, and other forces. As such, the authors suggest that the observed human-driven trends in the global salinity field demonstrate an ongoing, long-term shift in the global hydrological cycle that is likely to continue into the future.

Source: Geophysical Research Letters, doi:10.1029/2012GL053389, 2012
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012GL053389

Title: The fingerprint of human-induced changes in the ocean's salinity and temperature fields

Authors: David W. Pierce and Tim P. Barnett: Division of Climate, Atmospheric Sciences, and Physical Oceanography, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California, USA;

Peter J. Gleckler, Benjamin D. Santer and Paul J. Durack: Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, USA.


5. Chamber measurements find plants potentially important methane sink

As a greenhouse gas, methane has a much higher heat-trapping potential than carbon dioxide when considered over the course of a few decades. In recent years, researchers discovered a potentially important new source of atmospheric methane-emissions from green plants. Though estimates of the extent of vegetative methane emissions vary greatly, previous research suggests they could amount to as much as a tenth of global annual emissions. The mechanism behind such emissions is a matter of considerable debate, with questions remaining regarding the effects of atmospheric or soil conditions, local hydrological influences, and variability for different plant species. Also under investigation are various potential plant methane uptake mechanisms, or the effects of methane- consuming bacteria-aspects of the methane cycle that could dampen plants' role as a methane source.

To determine the overall effect of some boreal tree species on atmospheric methane, Sundqvist et al. used branch chamber measurements to directly assess the net gas exchange for birch, spruce, pine, and rowan trees in a Swedish forest. The authors find that all four tree species were net absorbers of atmospheric methane, meaning they served as a sink rather than a source. The authors analyzed how the methane exchange varied with changes in the availability of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), temperature, photosynthesis rate, and ultraviolet radiation levels. For birch, spruce and rowan trees, but not pine, they find that an increase in PAR caused the trees to take up more methane. They find that temperature changes had inconsistent effects on methane exchange. The authors suggest that plants could actually be an important global sink, rather than source, for atmospheric methane.

Source: Geophysical Research Letters, doi: 10.1029/2012GL053592, 2012
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012GL053592

Title: Atmospheric methane removal by boreal plants

Authors: Elin Sundqvist, Meelis Mlder, Patrik Vestin and Anders Lindroth: Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden;

Patrick Crill: Department of Geological Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.


6. Low-frequency radio emissions from high-altitude sprite discharge

When lightning strikes from a towering cumulonimbus cloud down to the ground, the electrical discharge can perturb the atmosphere's electric field, potentially triggering a second event-sprite discharge. This more elusive type of electrical discharge, which produces lightning that is red in color, initiates from high altitudes, with streamers propagating down toward the top of the cumulonimbus cloud. Coincident with the dramatic displays, researchers have previously identified low-frequency radio emissions, which they suggest may be produced in association with the sprite discharge. Investigating this hypothesis, Qin et al. used a two-dimensional plasma model to calculate the radio emissions that should be produced by a single sprite streamer.

The authors find the frequency of the radio emissions that should be produced by a sprite streamer depends on two main factors: the air density (which decreases with altitude) and the background electric field through which the streamer is propagating. The authors find that sprite streamers that initiate from 75 kilometers (47 miles) altitude emit radio waves with frequencies from 0 to 3 kilohertz (up to the "very low frequency" range). If the sprite streamers spawned at 40 kilometers (25 miles) altitude, they would emit low-frequency radiowaves, with frequencies up to 300 kilohertz. Further, the authors suggest that the sprite streamers branching mechanism could act as a band-pass filter, with the radio wave frequencies being lower at high altitudes than at low altitudes.

Source: Geophysical Research Letters, doi:10.1029/2012GL053991, 2012
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012GL053991

Title: Low frequency electromagnetic radiation from sprite streamers

Authors: Jianqi Qin, Sebastien Celestin, and Victor P. Pasko: Communications and Space Sciences Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.


Contact:

Kate Ramsayer
Phone (direct): +1 202 777 7524
E-mail: kramsayer@agu.org

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Mon, 08 Oct 2012 13:45:26 -0700 Turkey returns fire at Syria http://tefyka.posterous.com/turkey-returns-fire-at-syria http://tefyka.posterous.com/turkey-returns-fire-at-syria

AKCAKALE, Turkey (AP) ? An Associated Press video journalist says Turkish artillery fired toward Syria minutes after a Syrian shell landed on Turkish territory.

The Syrian shell landed some 200 meters (200 yards) inside Turkey, near the border town of Akcakale. A short time later, at least six mortars could be heard fired from Turkey. It was the fifth day in a row that Turkey returned fire.

Abdulhakim Ayhan, the mayor of Akcakale, confirmed that Turkish artillery immediately returned fire.

The Turks have been returning fire since Wednesday when Syrian shelling killed five civilians in a Turkish border town.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/turkey-returns-fire-syria-133404534.html

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Tue, 03 Jul 2012 02:10:26 -0700 ARM server running on pedal power demoed at Red Hat Summit http://tefyka.posterous.com/arm-server-running-on-pedal-power-demoed-at-r http://tefyka.posterous.com/arm-server-running-on-pedal-power-demoed-at-r

ARM server running on pedal power demoed at Red Hat Summit

With x86 and a few high-powered RISC chips dominating the list of the most powerful computers on Earth, you might be wondering what's the big deal with ARM and it's push into the server space. Well, this is the big deal. The image above is of Jon Masters powering a Calxeda-server from HP with nothing more than a bicycle. OK, so there's a bit more to the setup -- including a 400 watt inverter, a 35 Ah battery, a UPS and a Pedal-a-Watt -- but the gist of it is that Masters was able keep 32 ARM cores humming along just by pedaling his road bike at the Red Hat Summit. The demo was mostly meant as a proof of concept, but we can easily imagine our future robot overlords putting us to work keeping their network of servers running. On the plus side, pedaling to power the Internet might help solve our global obesity epidemic. For a quick tour of the rig, check out the video after the break.

Continue reading ARM server running on pedal power demoed at Red Hat Summit

ARM server running on pedal power demoed at Red Hat Summit originally appeared on Engadget on Mon, 02 Jul 2012 15:59:00 EDT. Please see our terms for use of feeds.

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Source: http://www.engadget.com/2012/07/02/arm-server-running-on-pedal-power-demoed-at-red-hat-summit/

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Fri, 15 Jun 2012 16:24:28 -0700 5 injured in Osprey crash in Florida Panhandle http://tefyka.posterous.com/5-injured-in-osprey-crash-in-florida-panhandl http://tefyka.posterous.com/5-injured-in-osprey-crash-in-florida-panhandl
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NAVARRE, Fla. (AP) - All five airmen aboard an Air Force CV-22 Osprey were hospitalized after the tilt-rotor aircraft with a checkered safety record crashed in the Florida Panhandle, but none of the injuries were life-threatening, military officials said Thursday.

The Osprey, which can take off and land like a helicopter but has wings for level flight, went down Wednesday shortly before sunset in a remote area of Eglin Air Force Base's sprawling reservation north of Navarre, said Airman 1st Class Michelle Vickers at nearby Hurlburt Field, where the Air Force Special Operations Command is headquartered.

Col. Jim Slife, commander of Hurlburt's 1st Special Operations Wing, said his unit's efforts are focused on supporting its injured airmen and their families.

"This particular mission was a gunnery training mission, so it was a two aircraft formation out performing gunnery," Slife said at a news conference. "When the lead aircraft turned around in the gun pattern, they did not see their wingman behind them so they started a brief search and found they had crashed right there on the range."

The aircraft was found upside down and caught fire but did not burn entirely, the Northwest Florida Daily News of Fort Walton Beach reported. The aircraft is one of 25 Ospreys in the Air Force Special Operations Command.

"Some of the individuals who were injured were airlifted out, but others were taken out by ambulance," Vickers said.

Maj. Brian Luce, one of the pilots, and Tech. Sgt. Christopher Dawson, a flight engineer, were listed in stable condition at Eglin's hospital.

Capt. Brett Cassidy, the second pilot, and Tech. Sgt. Edilberto Malave, a flight engineer, also were in stable condition at Sacred Heart Hospital in Pensacola. Staff Sgt. Sean McMahon, a flight engineer, was in guarded condition at Sacred Heart.

The Eglin reservation covers 724 square miles, about two-thirds the size of Rhode Island. It is mostly forest but also includes swamps, streams, clearings and remote airfields.

An Air Force board will investigate to determine the cause of the crash, which happened just two months after a Marine Corps version of the aircraft, an MV-22 Osprey, went down during a training exercise in Morocco. Two Marines were killed and two others severely injured in that crash.

Earlier this month, the military put plans on hold for briefly deploying Marine Ospreys to a city in Japan after local officials objected due to the aircraft's safety record.

An Air Force version was the first Osprey to crash in Afghanistan in April 2010, killing three service members and a civilian contractor. Ospreys went into service with the Marines and Air Force in 2006. The Marines began using them in Iraq the following year.

The Osprey initially was developed for the Marines to replace transport helicopters. It can carry 24 troops and fly twice as fast as comparable assault helicopters while retaining the ability to hover. Twin engines with large, 38-foot diameter propellers mounted on the wing tips tilt up for taking off and landing. Each aircraft is priced at about $70 million.

The Air Force version is equipped with a missile defense system, terrain-following radar, a forward-looking infrared sensor and other electronic gear that enable it to avoid detection and defend itself on special operations missions over enemy territory.

The Osprey was nearly canceled several times during its lengthy development due to cost overruns and safety questions.

Nineteen Marines were killed in 2000 when an Osprey crashed during a training exercise in Arizona. Another MV-22 crashed in North Carolina, killing four Marines, in December of that year.

When former Vice President Dick Cheney was defense secretary, he tried to kill the program in 1989, saying the aircraft wasn't needed, but the Marines persuaded Congress to keep it going.

- - -

Information from: Northwest Florida Daily News, http://www.nwfdailynews.com

- - -

Information from: Northwest Florida Daily News, http://www.nwfdailynews.com


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Fri, 15 Jun 2012 14:33:52 -0700 Queens Pride House leadership transition (June 2012 e-newsletter ... http://tefyka.posterous.com/queens-pride-house-leadership-transition-june http://tefyka.posterous.com/queens-pride-house-leadership-transition-june

Queens Pride House
e-newsletter?June 2012

Queens Pride House leadership transition

In May, Silvia Dutchevici resigned as executive director of?Queens Pride House in order to attend to pressing health-related issues. In the wake of Silvia?s resignation, the board of directors asked?Pauline Park to serve as acting executive director. Along with Charles J. Ober (board treasurer and chief financial officer), Pauline is one of only two of the original co-founders who is still actively involved with?Queens Pride House. ?Pauline served as the first secretary of the original board of directors when QPH was founded in January 1997 and returned to the board in April 2010 after an absence, subsequently being elected as president of the board of directors in July 2010, and she will continue to serve in that capacity. Perhaps best known for having led the campaign for the transgender rights law enacted by the New York City Council in 2002, Pauline was the first openly transgendered person to be named grand marshal of the New York City Pride March, in which capacity she served in 2005.

Queens Pride House staff changes

Carlos M. Cubas is an openly gay Latino man who came to the United States from Peru at the age of nine. Bilingual and bicultural, he first?came to volunteer at Queens Pride House in June 2011 and in April,?joined the staff as health outreach coordinator. Carlos serves as co-coordinator of the Grupo Latino, the Spanish-speaking men?s group, and provides support for all of the groups meeting at Queens Pride House.

Michelle Fatemah Abdus-Shakur is an openly transgendered African American woman who has spoken widely on transgender rights, social justice and equality of economic opportunity for all.?Michelle first came to volunteer at Queens Pride House in June 2011. Since then, she has taken on many responsibilities, including as office manager as well as facilitator of the transgender empowerment group. Michelle will continue to serve in both capacities but she now takes on a new set of responsibilities as program coordinator at?Queens Pride House.

Bayard Rustin film screening at Pride House

?Brother Outsider: The Life of Bayard Rustin? is the critically acclaimed documentary about the gay African American man who organized the 1963 national march on Washington, D.C. for civil rights at which the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. gave his iconic ?I have a dream? speech.?We will be honored by the presence of Walter Naegle, Rustin?s life partner, who will join us for a Q&A session following?the screening of this groundbreaking film about Rustin?s 60-year career as an activist. So please join us from 7-9 p.m. on Friday, July 27 for the screening of this landmark documentary about one of the great civil rights and LGBT rights leaders~!

LGBT parenting workshop:?The Nuts & Bolts of Starting a Family: Adoptions, Foster Care & Surrogacy

Co-sponsored by the Center Families

Join us for a workshop on the nuts and bolts of starting a family through adoption (domestic and international), foster care, and surrogacy.? An attorney and adoption specialist will review the overall process and legal issues including the home study, birthmother search and matching, fees, and placement.?? They will also survey the legal concerns of children of same-sex parents who are married in New York but might travel out of state where same-sex marriage is not recognized.? LGBT parents who have children will also be on hand to talk about how they became parents, their joys and struggles of parenting, family acceptance, and negotiating who is ?daddy? or ?mommy.?

Tuesday, July 10, 2012
6:30-8 p.m.
Queens Pride House
76-11 37th Avenue, at 77th Street
Jackson Heights, NY
E/F M/R to Jackson Heights-Roosevelt Ave, or 7 train to 74th Street-Broadway

Light refreshments will be served.? A $10 donation is greatly appreciated.

Dr. Judith Lee:?Judith founded and directed a very successful domestic adoption agency for 13 years and focused her doctoral work on adoptions while at New York University.? Dr. Lee is a hands-on adoption expert, and works with couples or individuals who are looking to adopt a child privately.

Christopher S. Goeken, Esq.?Christopher is not only an adoption attorney who specializes in LGBT adoptions, but he?s also the proud father of a kindergartener adopted with his partner.? Christopher has handled adoptions throughout the NYC region for all kinds of families, and has trained other lawyers in the adoption process.

Open Colors

Open Colors is the youth group that meets at?Queens Pride House every Wednesday from 7:15-8:30 p.m. The group is open to any youth age 14-24. The group offers members the opportunity to find?group support, make new friends, do community outreach and build leadership skills. Snacks and light refreshments are provided.?The group ?is facilitated by Lior Ben-Avraham, a social work student at New York University and an intern at Queens Pride House. For more info., contact Lior?(LBen-Avraham@queenspridehouse.org).

Queens Pride 2012

Queens Pride House fielded a contingent of nearly 30 people in the?Queens Pride Parade on Sunday, June 3, with individuals marching behind the banners of the Grupo Latino and the Bear Den as well as?Queens Pride House itself. Afterwards, staff members and volunteers tabled at the?Queens Pride House booth at the multicultural festival on 37th Road, disseminating health-related information and free condoms to attendees from throughout the borough and the city.

Queens Pride House?15th anniversary ?celebration

We will be celebrating the 15th anniversary of Queens Pride House at a restaurant in Queens on the evening of Thursday,?Sept. 27. Please mark your calendars for this special event; more details to come~!

Queens Pride House?membership

Queens Pride House is launching a new membership program, with basic membership at $10 a year, couples at $15 and families at $20; there is also a $5 membership rate for those who are students, unemployed or living on a fixed income. QPH membership will entitle members to free or reduced entrance to special events and discounts at local stores, restaurants, and cultural venues in Queens. Membership fees will go to supporting the important work of Queens Pride House. If you are interested in joining, please e-mail??Carlos Cubas (CCubas@queenspridehouse.org).

Stop & Frisk March

Queens Pride House has endorsed the Father?s Day March to End Stop & Frisk and Racial Profiling, which will take place in Manhattan at 3 p.m. on Sunday, June 17, and we would encourage all who support social justice to participate in this important action:

http://www.silentmarchnyc.org/

?

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Fri, 20 Apr 2012 09:21:25 -0700 Applications About To Close For Wayra London Incubator http://tefyka.posterous.com/applications-about-to-close-for-wayra-london http://tefyka.posterous.com/applications-about-to-close-for-wayra-london screen-shot-2012-03-07-at-14-27-18Back in March giant telco Telefonica opened the latest addition to its growing global network of startup incubators dubbed "Wayra Academy". Wayra is the latest incubator/accelerator in London, joining Springboard, Seedcamp and Innovation Warehouse. Now this is fair warning that the deadline for Wayra applications is about to close. So you better hurry. You can apply here. If you're wondering what the deal is with this latest in a long line of new European incubators, then here's how it's set up:

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Tue, 17 Apr 2012 10:52:02 -0700 Dialog - UA Faculty & Staff News ? UA Sport Clubs: A Shared Passion http://tefyka.posterous.com/dialog-ua-faculty-staff-news-ua-sport-clubs-a http://tefyka.posterous.com/dialog-ua-faculty-staff-news-ua-sport-clubs-a

April 16th, 2012 - Filed under: Cover Story

By Kristen Moore

There are more than 20 sport clubs offered by University Recreation within the Division of Student Affairs. Sport clubs provide high-quality, structured, competitive and fun recreation activities that give participants the opportunity to?experience physical, social and emotional growth in a safe learning environment. Housed in University Recreation rather than the athletics department, sport clubs are organized?and managed by students.

Sport clubs, however, often require more of a time?commitment, are more expensive and are more competitive than intramural sports.

?Sport clubs are a great way to stay involved on campus but still play the sport you love at a competitive level,? said Ryan Barletta, a senior chemical engineering major and?current Bama Hockey president.

Ann Francis, a junior nursing major, has been riding horses since she was four years old. When she transferred to UA in fall 2010, she expressed interest in continuing to ride horses to a UA administrator. After having conversations with University Recreation, University administrators and Andy Kocher, the owner of Westminster Farm in Northport, the?concept of an equestrian team became a reality. Francis,?who now serves at the president of the equestrian team,?said that interest in the team grew quickly, from an initial 11 students to a current 42 members. With new emails from interested students daily, the equestrian team is going strong.

Team members practice once a week for two hours in small groups of three or four depending on their class schedules and riding levels. Practices are led by head coach Kocher and hunt seat coach Christie Saunders. The team meets monthly and completes more than 200 community service hours collectively each semester.

Ann Francis

Diane Harrison, advancement officer for the alumni and corporate relations office in the Culverhouse College of Commerce, is the equestrian team adviser. She said that the students? experience on the team will help them become stronger students, citizens, family members and future employees. ?My hope is that members of the UA equestrian team will learn the importance of hard work, dedication and endurance in every aspect of their life.?

Francis said she feels that she is developing those skills?in both academics and on the team while also building a strong network of friends. ?My favorite thing about being?on the equestrian team is our barn days. Barn days are?team bonding days when we all come together and clean?the barn, do teambuilding activities and get to know each other even better than we already do.?

The Bama Hockey team was developed in 2005, and?has faced many challenges since its inception. With no?hockey rink in Tuscaloosa, team members drive 56 miles to and from Pelham to practice and play in Pelham Civic Center. Despite challenges, the original 15 men who began the?team had the goal to build tradition, and that is what they instilled in their teammates. ?The men before me taught?me that we had to take ourselves seriously if we wanted?others to take us seriously,? Barletta said.

Ryan Barletta

Student officers are tasked with the responsibility of?raising and managing money, organizing buses and hotel rooms for weekend trips, setting up practices and meetings, and keeping the team going.

?There is a huge time commitment from the officers,?captains and coaches. It is challenging to manage the team and keep up with schoolwork, but I have learned so much about time management, communication and relationships while being on the Bama Hockey team,? Barletta said.

He and current head coach Mike Quenneville are proud of where the Bama Hockey team is today. As one of the top hockey sport clubs teams in the SEC, their ultimate goal is to make it to the Hockey National Championship. Quenneville?s other goal is to find funding for the hockey program to reduce the high cost for students and to provide them with safe transportation to and from Pelham Civic Center.

Francis and Barletta have devoted much of their lives to an activity they love. Although the sport clubs they are involved in are very different, they have a few common?factors ? they create a strong bond among team members, provide them with major responsibilities, and give them a?safe learning environment to grow as an athlete, a student and an individual.

?I have learned a lot of life lessons being on the Bama Hockey team,? Barletta said. ?And most importantly, being a part of this sport club let me meet my best friends.?

Francis expressed the same feeling:??I will leave UA with a strong network of people that I learned from and grew so much with. We will always share that?common bond.?

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Mon, 16 Apr 2012 14:13:19 -0700 Malawi Reaches Female Milestone Before the U.S. -- See What Happened http://tefyka.posterous.com/malawi-reaches-female-milestone-before-the-us http://tefyka.posterous.com/malawi-reaches-female-milestone-before-the-us

Each week iVillage celebrates a woman who makes us proud. See who we're highlighting this week.

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Sun, 15 Apr 2012 13:11:14 -0700 Which came last, the dinosaur or the egg? http://tefyka.posterous.com/which-came-last-the-dinosaur-or-the-egg http://tefyka.posterous.com/which-came-last-the-dinosaur-or-the-egg

Scientists unearthed remains of a new kind of dinosaur and its eggs in Patagonia recently. The fossil find provides fresh clues to the past.

New evidence suggests that mama dinosaur likely perished at the same time as her eggs.

Skip to next paragraph

Researchers in Patagonia recently found skeletal remains of a newly designated genus of dinosaur ? Bonapartenykus ??near two broken eggshells. Examinations of the bones and eggs suggest that they may have been inside the creature at the time of her death.?

"So it looks like we have indirect evidence for keeping two eggs in two oviducts," Kundr?t told LiveScience. "They were close to being laid, but the female didn't make it."

Or maybe not. Other information gathered from shards of eggshells discovered later indicates that some of the eggs had been incubated, and therefore contained embryos at an advanced stage of development. In other words, some of the eggs may have been in the nest, not in the dinosaur.

Though the location of the eggs at the time of the mother's death remains uncertain, the 70-million-year-old fossils hold several more clues to the past.

The remains are from the birdlike dino which belonged to a group of dinosaurs known as the Alvarezsauridae. It's known as Bonapartenykus ultimus, named in honor of Jos? Bonaparte, discoverer of the first alvarezsaurid in Patagonia in 1991.

Measuring eight and a half feet long, it was one of the largest members of the family.?The feathered bipeds possessed birdlike skulls, small jaws with teeth, and strong but short arms that ended with a?sizable claw.

The eggs found with the mother's remains are unique, so researchers designated a new type of dinosaur egg?called Arraigadoolithidae,?named for Alberto Arraigada?the owner of the site where the specimen was discovered.

When Kundr?t, a dinosaur expert from Uppsala University in Sweden, examined the eggshells, he noticed what "turned out to be the first evidence of fungal contamination of dinosaur eggs."

Kundr?t told LiveScience of his discovery, "It looks like at the very late stage the eggs could suffer from the same contamination as in common birds."

These findings will be published in the June 2012 edition of the journal Cretaceous Research. The article is available online now.

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Thu, 12 Apr 2012 08:54:13 -0700 How Digital Populism Is Reshaping the Body Politic http://tefyka.posterous.com/how-digital-populism-is-reshaping-the-body-po http://tefyka.posterous.com/how-digital-populism-is-reshaping-the-body-po

Ethan Riegelhaupt is senior vice president for corporate and public affairs at Edelman. Previously, he served as vice president for speech writing and internal communications at The New York Times Company. He was also a senior staff member for New York Gov. Mario M. Cuomo.

We love the Internet because it supports our overwhelming desire to have a larger influence over what happens in our lives. This fundamental longing to control our destiny has inspired every successful political movement in the last 250 years, whether it was the American Revolution or the fight against Communism in Eastern Europe.

[More from Mashable: NBC Launches 2012 Election Foursquare Badges [EXCLUSIVE]]

Now, a few decades later, our need to exert real influence over the larger activities of life continues. We see countless examples of individuals, much like ourselves, employing digital tools to create sparks, ignite fires, and shine bright lights on alleged injustices, misdeeds, or desired changes. People all over the planet use their computers and smart phones to confront organizations, forcing them to pay closer attention to what they are saying, thinking, and doing.

The Trayvon Martin tragedy is an excellent case in point. As Brian Stelter reported in The New York Times, the story gained traction when people started talking on Facebook and Twitter about what George Zimmerman, the alleged shooter, did on the night of February 26 in Sanford, Florida. It took a few weeks before the mainstream media began to pay attention. But they did, and the case became a national fixation.

[More from Mashable: Disconnect: 5 Business Benefits of Working Out]

In a recent piece, Paul Krugman, a Times Op-Ed columnist, referred to Richard Hofstadter's famous 1964 essay, The Paranoid Style in American Politics arguing that people in this country see conspiracies everywhere. While this dark mindset still exists, the Martin case demonstrates that the Internet can serve as a sane political and social counterbalance.

Far more importantly, the Internet has become a catalyst for concerted behavior, enabling individuals throughout the world to make the transition from commenting and speaking to doing and acting. This has exponentially enhanced anyone's ability to alter and shape the course of events.

Out of all this activity, we see the emergence of what may well be the most important political development of the 21st century: digital populism. It is global in scope with a flavor of the New England town square and speaks to the intrinsic need for personal expression, mass action, and ongoing engagement.

It is worth noting that digital populism is a hotly contested concept, generating lengthy exchanges regarding what it means, what it has already achieved, and whether it will be a truly disruptive political force. Naturally, this debate became quite heated in the midst of the Arab Spring when the Egyptian and Tunisian governments were overthrown.

To avoid becoming overly utopian or romantic about this era, we must maintain a historical perspective. After all, mass action around a common objective is not a new phenomenon. Nevertheless, it is abundantly apparent that the Internet is profoundly shaping a new politics of inclusion that invites all to contribute to the ongoing narrative.

It is something that will certainly shape the U.S. political narrative this campaign season, and it won't be the first time. In 2008, then-presidential candidate, Barack Obama, provided a textbook example of how to use online tools to rally supporters, raise money, and convey his positions.

Four years later, the President?s campaign is undoubtedly becoming even more proficient at using the web to mobilize its millions of supporters and to engage in old-school grassroots campaigning, providing another example of the Internet fusing the old and new.

But candidates will not be the only ones relying on the web to create change; citizens will too. The public is no longer content to sit and watch what is happening. Instead, they will continue to use the Internet to learn more about positions, question candidates, and become far more involved in issues that affect their lives.

This is the essence of digital populism and the new politics of inclusion. It makes sense because personal empowerment is what we have wanted since the dawn of time. Call it human nature.

Image courtesy of iStockphoto, ranckreporter

This story originally published on Mashable here.

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Wed, 11 Apr 2012 08:33:14 -0700 March's heat melts records http://tefyka.posterous.com/marchs-heat-melts-records http://tefyka.posterous.com/marchs-heat-melts-records

[ [ [['A picture is worth a thousand words', 5]], 'http://news.yahoo.com/why-facebook-bought-instagram-4-theories-160400376.html', '[Related: Why Facebook bought Instagram: 4 theories]', ' ', '630', ' ', ' ', ], [ [['He was in shock and still strapped to his seat', 9]], 'http://contributor.yahoo.com/join/yahoonews_virginiabeach', '[Did you witness the jet crash? Share your story with Yahoo! News]', ' ', '630', ' ', ' ', ], [ [['A JetBlue flight from New York to Las Vegas', 3]], 'http://yhoo.it/GV9zpj', '[Related: View photos of the JetBlue plane in Amarillo]', ' ', '630', ' ', ' ', ], [ [['Afghan security forces and police killed three', 3]], 'http://yhoo.it/H9BcJE', '[Related: Bales\' wife on his alleged shooting: \'He would not do that\']', ' ', '630', ' ', ' ', ], [ [['He was in shock and still strapped to his seat', 6]], 'http://news.yahoo.com/photos/navy-jet-crashes-in-virginia-slideshow/', 'Click image to see more photos', 'http://l.yimg.com/cv/ip/ap/default/120406/jet_ap.jpg', '630', ' ', 'AP', ], [ [['This is as serious of a tornado', 7]], 'http://news.yahoo.com/photos/tornadoes-touch-down-in-texas-slideshow/', 'Click image to see more photos', 'http://l.yimg.com/cv/ip/ap/default/120403/trucksdallas.jpg', '630', ' ', 'Reuters', ], [ [['Oikos University', 8]], 'http://news.yahoo.com/photos/deadly-oakland-university-shooting-slideshow/', 'Click image to see more photos', 'http://l.yimg.com/cv/ip/ap/default/120402/shooting.jpg', '450', ' ', 'REUTERS/Reuters TV/KNTV/Handout', ], [ [['Trayvon Martin decked the Neighborhood', 7]], 'http://yhoo.it/GUovUP', 'Click image to see more photos', 'http://l.yimg.com/a/p/us/news/editorial/2/61/261d2c36bccf0971c2734a4d4398aa5a.jpeg', '512', ' ', 'AP/David Goldman', ], [ [['xxxxxxxxxxxx', 11]], 'http://news.yahoo.com/photos/russian-grannies-win-bid-to-sing-at-eurovision-1331223625-slideshow/', 'Click image to see more photos', 'http://l.yimg.com/a/p/us/news/editorial/1/56/156d92f2760dcd3e75bcd649a8b85fcf.jpeg', '500', ' ', 'AP', ] ]

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Tue, 10 Apr 2012 08:06:12 -0700 No grand jury in Trayvon Martin shooting http://tefyka.posterous.com/no-grand-jury-in-trayvon-martin-shooting http://tefyka.posterous.com/no-grand-jury-in-trayvon-martin-shooting

The special prosecutor has said she does not need one to continue her investigation, though the decision rules out a first-degree murder charge.

A grand jury will not look into the Trayvon Martin case, a special prosecutor said Monday, leaving the decision of whether to charge the teen's shooter in her hands alone and eliminating the possibility of a first-degree murder charge.

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That prosecutor, Angela Corey, said her decision had no bearing on whether she would file charges against George Zimmerman, the neighborhood watch volunteer who has said he shot the unarmed black teen in self-defense. Corey could still decide to charge him with a serious felony such as manslaughter, which can carry a lengthy prison sentence if he is convicted.

A grand jury had been set to meet Tuesday in Sanford, about 20 miles northeast of Orlando.

Corey has long had a reputation for not using grand juries if it wasn't necessary. In Florida, only first-degree murder cases require the use of grand juries.

RECOMMENDED: How 5 young black men see race and justice in the US

Corey's decision means she doesn't have to rely on potentially unpredictable jurors, said David Hill, an Orlando criminal defense attorney.

"Let's give her the benefit of the doubt. Maybe she knows there isn't enough for first-degree murder but she wants to maintain control and charge him with something else," Hill said. "What does she need a grand jury for? She cuts out the unpredictability of the grand jury. She goes where she feels she has more evidence."

Corey took over the case last month after the prosecutor who normally handles cases out of Sanford recused himself. That prosecutor, Norm Wolfinger, had originally called for the case to be presented before a grand jury.

"From the moment she was assigned, Ms. Corey noted she may not need a grand jury," said a statement from Corey's office.

Prosecutors sometimes use grand juries to avoid the political fallout from controversial cases. But Corey was elected by voters more than 100 miles away in the Jacksonville area, so political problems are less of an issue for Corey, Hill said.

Martin was killed Feb. 26 during a confrontation with Zimmerman in a gated community in Sanford.

Zimmerman has claimed self-defense, and Florida's self-defense law gives wide leeway to use deadly force and eliminates a person's duty to retreat in the face of danger.

Zimmerman's attorney, Craig Sonner, said he didn't want to comment on Corey's decision.

An attorney for Martin's parents said in a statement that he is not surprised by the decision to avoid the grand jury and hopes a decision is reached soon.

"The family has been patient throughout this process and asks that those who support them do the same during this very important investigation," said attorney Benjamin Crump.

The case has led to protests across the nation and spurred a debate about race and the laws of self-defense. Martin was black; Zimmerman's father is white and his mother is Hispanic.

In Georgia, a civil rights activist is challenging that state's so-called stand your ground law. The Rev. Markel Hutchins said he sued Monday in Atlanta in response to Martin's death. The lawsuit claims the law leads to the unnecessary use of lethal force.

RECOMMENDED:?How 5 young black men see race and justice in the US

On Monday, one protest led to the temporary closing of the Sanford Police Department offices to the public for most of the day as about a half dozen student activists blocked the building entrance.

Police officers took no action to remove the protesters, who were part of a group of students who marched from Daytona Beach to Sanford over the weekend.

Citizens wanting to do business with the police department were directed to City Hall.

Calling themselves "the Dream Defenders," the protesters demanded Zimmerman's arrest; a special investigation into the Sanford Police Department; a community meeting; and the firing of the city manager and the police chief who temporarily stepped down after Martin's death, Bill Lee. Darren Scott, a 23-year veteran of the Sanford Police Department, was named acting chief. Lee is still employed with the department and receiving his salary.

After meeting with six of the protesters, city officials agreed only to a community forum next week.

"The city certainly is committed to justice for Trayvon Martin," said City Manager Norton Bonaparte Jr.

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Fri, 06 Apr 2012 08:52:34 -0700 Antarctic ice shelf dwindles as satellite looks on http://tefyka.posterous.com/antarctic-ice-shelf-dwindles-as-satellite-loo http://tefyka.posterous.com/antarctic-ice-shelf-dwindles-as-satellite-loo

As a European satellite enters its second decade in orbit, it continues to observe the retreat of an Antarctic ice sheet, which has been dwindling due to warming.

The satellite, Envisat, was launched by the European Space Agency (ESA) on March 1, 2002. One of its first observations was the disintegration of 1,235 square miles (3,200 square kilometers) of ice from part of the Larsen Ice Shelf. (Ice shelves are "permanent" floating sheets of ice connected to a land mass, with most of the world's ice shelves hugging the coast of Antarctica.)

The Larsen Ice Shelf encompasses shelves: A (the smallest), B and C (the largest), which line the eastern side of the Antarctic Peninsula. The peninsula is one of the fastest-warming places on Earth, jutting north of the rest of the frozen continent.

Over its decade in orbit, Envisat has watched the B shelf dwindle by an additional 691 square miles (1,790 square km), due to calving events whereby large chunks of ice break off from the main shelf. For instance, a chunk twice the size of the city of Dallas broke off of Larsen B in January 2005. This shelf is now less than 15 percent of its size in 1995.

While Larsen A disintegrated in January 1995, Larsen C has been stable, though observations show it is thinning and that its summer melts are becoming longer.

  1. More science news from msnbc.com

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      Science editor Alan Boyle's blog: An art historian contends that the Shroud of Turin bears the true imprint of Jesus' body, and that displays of the cloth inspired the Easter story of his resurrection. Skeptics and believers alike scoff at the idea.

    2. Deadly bacteria lurk in Deepwater Horizon tar balls
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    4. Giant panda's complicated sex life revealed

"Ice shelves are sensitive to atmospheric warming and to changes in ocean currents and temperatures," said Helmut Rott, a professor from the University of Innsbruck in Austria, in a statement. "The northern Antarctic Peninsula has been subject to atmospheric warming of about 2.5 degrees Celsius (4.5 degrees Fahrenheit) over the last 50 years ?a much stronger warming trend than on global average, causing retreat and disintegration of ice shelves."

Envisat is scheduled to continue its radar observations for at least another two years, until the next generation of satellites, called the Sentinels, go online in 2013, according to the ESA. [ In Images: Tracking a Retreating Glacier ]

You can follow LiveScience senior writer Wynne Parry on Twitter @Wynne_Parry. Follow LiveScience for the latest in science news and discoveries on Twitter @livescience and on Facebook.

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Fri, 06 Apr 2012 08:50:44 -0700 nikeairoutletpop2012.com Cardio For Optimum Fitness ? SiyBase ... http://tefyka.posterous.com/nikeairoutletpop2012com-cardio-for-optimum-fi http://tefyka.posterous.com/nikeairoutletpop2012com-cardio-for-optimum-fi Being fit and healthy may be the case going to be the on the thing. In fact,it definitely never can be said out having to do with styling That gps device is usually that by far the most valuable asset you could have on the your lifetime. Thus it really is that important all of which you take great care having to do with it Give a resource box going to be the right attention aspect work out fine

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Thu, 05 Apr 2012 08:31:24 -0700 Sprint's 4G LTE Phone Plans Will Be an Unlimited Data Buffet [Sprint] http://tefyka.posterous.com/sprints-4g-lte-phone-plans-will-be-an-unlimit http://tefyka.posterous.com/sprints-4g-lte-phone-plans-will-be-an-unlimit Those worried that Sprint's retreat from unlimited 4G mobile hotspots was a harbinger for tiered 4G phone pricing can rest easy. When the company releases the 4G LTE LG Viper later this month, it'll roll out an unlimited 4G LTE data plan to go with it. Let the feast commence! More »


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Wed, 04 Apr 2012 10:00:05 -0700 Video: ?Best friends? both on TV and in life http://tefyka.posterous.com/video-best-friends-both-on-tv-and-in-life http://tefyka.posterous.com/video-best-friends-both-on-tv-and-in-life

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Sat, 31 Mar 2012 08:38:26 -0700 The Differences between a Substance Abuse Programs http://tefyka.posterous.com/the-differences-between-a-substance-abuse-pro http://tefyka.posterous.com/the-differences-between-a-substance-abuse-pro

In an attempt to mitigate the co-related effects of drug abuse and crime, programs that provided treatment for substance abuse in prison were introduced in the 1980s (Burdon et al., 2002). This essay seeks to make a comparison between the differences in a substance abuse program (SAP) in prison and a program in the outside community.

Comparison of Mandated and non-mandated Treatment

When gauging the effectiveness of voluntary and coerced treatment, factors such as recidivism, motivation in patients to continue treatment and the outcome of treatment make the top considerations. Studies have shown that the legal status of treatment program referrals is an effective retention-enhancing and outcome-improving strategy (Parhar, Wormith, Derkzen & Beauregard, 2008).

Additional comparative research has shown that individuals who are legally mandated to be in treatment are likely to stay longer in treatment compared to those who are not legally mandated.

The attendance rate is also higher among those who are coerced to attend treatment. Retention was also increased by the elevation of the individual's perceived legal status regardless of their actual legal status (Anglin, Prendergast & Farabee, 1998; Parhar et al., 2008).

However, studies exist that have shown negative results for mandated treatment. It has been found that organizations that carry out 75% of mandated cases perform poorly when compared to organizations with less mandated cases. Other studies have shown that treatment that is mandated does not reduce recidivism, while others show that the level of effectiveness is the same in mandated treatment as it is in non-mandated treatment. The confusing results have to do with different definitions of coerced and voluntary treatment. To be effective, programs have to be lengthy, highly structured, and flexible, and be regularly evaluated (Anglin, Prendergast & Farabee, 1998; Parhar et al., 2008).

Conclusion

Although some studies show that coerced treatment has its successes, others show that this kind of treatment is ineffective or equally effective to non-mandated treatment at best. This discrepancy has to do with the non-standard definitions of ?coerced? and ?voluntary? in the studies conducted. Programs, however, have been shown to be made more effective by increasing their duration, making them structured and flexible, and evaluating them regularly.

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